摘要：PPO inhibitors are very effective herbicides as they show the efficacy already in the doses of grams per hectare. Higher light intensity accelerates the herbicide effect. Only aboveground plant parts are affected so perennial weeds can regenerate and produce new sprouts easily after application. Lactofen, carfentrazone-ethyl, or cinidon are typical contact leaf herbicides that are used as selective ones for control of annual dicotyledonous weeds (especially Galium aparine) in cereal stands. Oxyfluorfen, bifenox, flumioxazin, and oxadiazon show also good persistence in soil together with contact efficacy and they can be uptaken also by the roots. That is why they are used especially for pre-emergent applications in wide range of crops, such as in sunflower, some vegetables or in orchards. They can be used also for postemergence applications but only in case that herbicide selectivity to crop species enables it. Beet is relatively sensitive to these herbicides so it can be injured by their residues when they were used improperly during previous growing season.
关键词：herbicide mode of action; herbicide site of action; PPO inhibitors; sugar beet; phytotoxicity.
