摘要：The main function of carotenoids is chlorophyll protection. Plant injury by herbicides affecting carotenoid biosynthesis can be detected by significant leaf albification (bleaching) starting at apical growing point as a result of chlorophyll destruction. HPPD inhibitors (isoxaflutole, mesotrione, tembotrione, etc.) are used for pre-emergent and also early post-emergent applications in maize stands, some of them also in poppy. PDS inhibitors (flurochloridone, diflufenican, and beflubutamid) are soil applied herbicides for pre-emergent and early post-emergent applications in wide range of crops (cereals, sunflower, potatoes, and others). Metabolic selectivity of these herbicides to crop species is often low and so it is necessary to use deeper sowing which can minimize the risk of phytotoxicity. Clomazone is the only active ingredience to inhibit diterpenes synthesis. This active ingredience is used only as a pre-emergent herbicide due to its decreased metabolic selectivity to the majority of crop species. Clomazone shows high water solutability and relatively high level of movement in the soil. Intensive rainfall immediately after application, especially on slopes and when higher dose is used, can result in high crop injury, especially in the case of oilseed rape.
关键词：herbicide mode of action; herbicide site of action; HPPD inhibitors; PDS inhibitors; diterpenes inhibitors; sugar beet; phytotoxicity.
