摘要：TMTD (tetramethyl thiuram disulfide, thiram) is a general use contact fungicide with protective action, third group of toxicity. It is used to control Botrytis on fruit and vegetables and in seed treatment. The thiurams are toxic to algae, water fleas and fish. The 96-hour EC50 for algae growth inhibition is approximately 1 mg/l (1 ppm) , the 48-hour EC50 for Daphnia is less than 0.21 ppm and the 96-hour LC50 for fish is approximately 0.1 ppm - Bluegill sunfish 0.0445 mg/l Rainbow trout 0.128 mg/l and 4 mg/l carp. This study was carried out to analyze the effects of sublethal and lethal concentrations of Tiradin fungicide on some physiological parameters of the prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch) and crayfish (Astacus fluviatilis). The Tiradin product (thiuram 70%), under the concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.016 ml /l water, had, overall, an inhibitory effect on oxygen consumption for the prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch) and crayfish (Astacus fluviatilis). Tiradin fungicide has changed the respiratory rhythm of prussian carps in all investigated concentrations. In all the researched concentrations (0,01, 0,02, 0,04 and 0,08 0,16 ml/l water), the fungicide tiradin modified the values of breathing frequency for the prussian carp, the values recorded at the end of the experiments were, in al cases, significantly different comparing to the control values (for p<0.05). For the first two concentrations, the fungicide's effect is stimulating for the frequency of the breathing movements, and for the next concentrations the effect is inhibiting. The acute test (96 hours) records mortality only in fish variants from the concentration level of 0.08 ml Tiradin / l water, but none of the variants record absolute mortality. In the variants of crayfish records mortaliy only after 14 days at two concentration . 0.16 and 0.31 Tiradin/l water. The Tiradin toxic effect is stronger in prussian carps in comparison to crayfish (Astacus fluviatilis).
关键词：prussian carp; crayfish; fungicide;Tiradin; oxygen consumption; ; breathing frequency
