The concept of competitiveness can be reported – considering the level of disscution – to a product, firm, industry or sector, region, nation, commercial block or to a global aspect and there is a close connection or relationship between all these levels of competitiveness. Firstly, the quality of a certain product or service determines a firms possibilities to survive the competition. On the other hand, a firms economic performance is connected to the performance of a certain sector, region or nation in an international scale. Competitiveness is a concept that can be used in a comparative sense or analysis. Due to the globalization and liberalization process, the boundaries between the domestic and international markets fainted, conducting to disappearing of the distinction between national and international competitiveness

Despite the complexity and notoriety surrounding the concept of competitiveness, this article is trying to gather as much information as possible regarding this notion, presenting it from different perspectives, at micro and macro level, reviewing the theoretical literature background: the classical, neoclassical, Keynesian theories, the development economics theory, the new growth theory, the new trade theory and all their implications on the evolution and development of the concept of competitiveness , but also the empirical literature such as IMD′s World Competitiveness Index, WEF′s Global Competitiveness Report, OCDE′s New Economy Report and UK Government′s Productivity and Competitiveness Indicators