期刊名称：Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline
印刷版ISSN：1547-9684
电子版ISSN：1521-4672
出版年度：2012
卷号：15
页码：93-119
出版社：Informing Science Institute
摘要：This is a theoretical paper; it presents the author’s position about how to improve on the com-monly disparate thinking about information, data, knowledge, concepts, and wisdom by viewing them pragmatically through the lens of decision making as factors in operations. It refers to the traditional Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom (DIKW) Hierarchy, considered by some as the canon of information science and knowledge management and the Existence to Enlightenment (E2E) model. Both have been critically reviewed and their weaknesses exposed. Scholars’ views attest to how divorced they may become from practice and academic postulates worthy of atten-tion. Information, when viewed as a symbolic pattern of physical states that represents a factor for operations or for extension of replicable knowledge, offers a platform and framework for verifi-able reasoning and testing of hypotheses with improved transparency, which is the main objective of this paper. It emphasizes the natural semantics of pragmatic consequences of informing in con-trast to linguistic semantics emphasized by most academicians.
