期刊名称：Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education
印刷版ISSN：1821-1283
出版年度：2012
期号：1-2
页码：52-73
出版社：Institute of Economic Sciences
摘要：Several approaches have been proposed by researchers to the economic empowerment of women. Starting and sustaining an individual business is one of the strategies for the economic development of entrepreneurially-oriented females. This study evaluated the factors influencing entrepreneurial activities; there was a further ingoing examination of the impact of education on Tanzanian females starting-up their own businesses. A total of 128 business women from Makambako and Njombe participated in the study, which primarily employed a questionnaire for data collection. Findings indicated that the government policy, strategies and support for female entrepreneurs had little or no impact on their entrepreneurial motivation. In addition, the level of formal education that women attained was found to have little impact. It was found, however, that the kind of training a female entrepreneur underwent was the most important factor in the business start-up. Thus, this study proposes that more effort should be put into practical and vocational training that has a direct impact on the kind of business that women can establish
关键词：female entrepreneurs; motivation; education; business start-up; ;Tanzania ; var currentpos;timer; function initialize() { timer=setInterval("scrollwindow()";10);} function sc(){clearInterval(timer); }function scrollwindow() { currentpos=document.body.scrollTop; window.scroll(0;++currentpos); if (currentpos != document.body.scrollTop) sc();} document.onmousedown=scdocument.ondblclick=initializeNziku; M.D.; Tanzanian Education; JWE (2012; No. 1-2; 52-73) ;53;Introduction ;Various studies have found that female entrepreneurs play a crucial ;role in the development of the world economy (Brush et al.; 2006; de Bruin ;et al.; 2006; 2007; European Commission; 2005). Business women are ;becoming prominent as employers; customers; suppliers and competitors in ;the global economy (Brush; 2010). ;According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in 2004; ;more than one third of people involved in entrepreneurial activities were ;women. In order to make business women more aware of the great ;contribution they make to economic development; it is important to ;stimulate; support and sustain their entrepreneurial dreams and efforts. ;Education can be one of the critical tools for accomplishing this aim. ;Several factors which influence the engagement of females in ;entrepreneurial activities have been cited (Cooper; 1971). According to ;Cooper (1971) the decision to become an entrepreneur (set up a new firm) ;is; in every sense; a strategic decision taken by the entrepreneurs ;themselves. This involves non-routine decisions to commit resources to the ;creation of a new business at a particular time and place. Following Cooper ;(1971) it is argued that the entrepreneurial influence for business start-up ;involves three major groups of factors: antecedent influence; incubator ;organisation; and environmental factors. ;The most common influences on entrepreneurial decisions are social ;and educational factors (Gibb; 1993). Following the research study by ;Gibb (1993) it was found that social factors may involve personal ;background; family background; stage of career; early life experiences and ;environmental growth. Kamal; et al. (2009) suggested that in certain ;contexts women may be more driven;by social pressures; however; ;according to Kirk and Belovics (2006); women become entrepreneurs in ;order to balance their work and family life. ;A study undertaken in Tanzania by Olomi (2009) found that some ;Tanzanians who initially went into business start-ups to survive and to ;enhance family security eventually became successful entrepreneurs. The ;majority of female entrepreneurs managed to run large enterprises while ;adopting/applying some proactive growth-seeking strategies (Olomi; ;2009). ;Together with the above; educational factors contribute to women's ;decisions to start a business and to their choice of entrepreneurial activity
