摘要：Ten years ago, when I was invited to comment on the inspiring article "Too Close for Comfort. The Impact of Official Aid on Nongovernmental Organizations" (Edwards & Hulme, 1996), I was perhaps too preoccupied with criticizing how and why international NGOs transplant their educational programs from one continent to another with little input from local organizations and experts. Readers of Current Issues in Comparative Education commented on how harsh I had been with NGOs. However, had the topic of the special issue been, "Are development banks overrated. or "Are UN organizations overrated.", I would have come to the same conclusions. There is an organizational logic to transferring the same kind of programs to every corner of the world. NGOs are not alone in transferring prepackage programs or reforms. All international organizations do so for all kinds of good and bad reasons, such as, for example, saving on design costs, generating institutional name recognition, obtaining approval from their own boards, as well as for better monitoring and controlling of their staff in distant field offices
