摘要：Lyme disease (LD) is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, t ransferred by infected ticks Ixodus ricinus. LD occurs endemically in Europe, America and Nort hern regions o f Asia. In Poland, LD is the most frequent tick bo rne disease, which causes serious ep idemio log ical problems. The main health hazard of LD occurs on the forest ed areas of Podlasie, Marit ime province, the West Poland lake d istrict, and Carpathians. The hig hest incidence 114.0 per 100 000 was registered in Podlaskie province. The infectious cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi includ es: nymph mo ulds to adult, eggs laid by female, eggs hatch to larva, larva feeds on first host, fully fed larva dro ps to gro und, larva moulds to nymph, nymph attaches to and feeds on t he second host. LD is a chronic disease at tacking many organs, includ ing the skin, heart, brain and joint s. LD is divided into three stages based on clinical sympt oms: I - limited infection (Eryt hema migrans and Borrelia lymphoma), II - disseminated infectio n (nu merous eryt hema migrans, early neuro-borreliosis, joint inflammatio n, Lyme card itis), III - late borrelio sis (chro nic atrophic limbs infla-mmatio n, late neuroborreliosis, chronic joint infla-mmatio n). At present, the best diagnost ic method fo r LD is a labor- and time co nsuming two -stage sero logical met hod. First-line antibiot ics in the treatment of Lyme disease are doxycycline, amoxicillin, cefuroxime axetil, ceft riaxone, cefo-taxime, and penicillin G. The best metho d of avoiding Borrelia burgdorferi infection is to avoid bit ing fro m t icks carrying spirochetes. Early removal of t icks, protect s against spirochaetal infectio n
关键词：Lyme d isease; et iology; pathogenesis; ;clinical co urses; diagnostics; treatment
