Neoplastic diseases are classified into the group of civilisation diseases. The causes of their occurrence are associated with the rapidly advancing development of civilisation, and associated with it, the occurrence of numerous carcinogenic factors.

The maxillofacial region is one of the sites of the development of cancer. Within this region there occur benign, semi-malignant, as well as malignant types of cancer. The malignant form of cancer leads to a considerable degree of disability in patients, and contribute to the increase in death rates in Poland. Morbidity in Poland, according to A. Pilarska, D. Samolczyka-Wanyura et al., reaches 4.4% among males and 1.4% in females, and during the last 30 years a 20-fold increase in morbidity and death rates has been observed [1]. Malignant neoplasms constitute 3.0% of malignant cancers of the head and neck, and 0.6% of all cancers in humans. Their most frequent location is the floor of the oral cavity [2].

The treatment of malignant tumours in the maxillofacial region is multi-specialist. It depends on the site of tumour, degree of advancement, histopathologic variation, as well as the age and general state of a patient. The consequence of surgical treatment is often the deformity of tissues and the dysfunction of the stomatognatic system. This considerably impairs the patient’s efficiency. Prosthetic treatment, by which a patient should be covered, enables the restration, to a certain degree, of the normal function of the stomatognatic system and a normal appearance.

Prosthetic rehabilitation following oncologic surgeries within the maxillofacial region is an important part of the treatment of patients with neoplastic diseases. This is also a challenge for prostheticians, because it involves a multistage treatment closely connected with the co-operation with the oral surgeon.