期刊名称：Human Geographies : Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography
印刷版ISSN：1843-6587
电子版ISSN：2067-2284
出版年度：2010
卷号：4
期号：1
页码：17-31
出版社：University of Bucharest
摘要：An important subject of interest for human geographers has been, since at least Friedrich Ratzel's time, the link between geographical reality and the place-names. These 'fossils of human geography' (cf. Raoul Blanchard) have become nowadays increasingly attractive for the cultural geographers interested, among other issues, in explaning the impact of some political actions (for instance giving names with political connotations to different places, especially streets and other public places) on the collective memory. Authors' pedestrian trip (of almost 800 km) through the northern Spain along the St. James' Way has been both, an experience, of meeting special people from all around the world and, an opportunity to discover the Spanish 'place names envelope' - at home. In addition it created the right occasion for the author to reflect on the impact of recent law on 'Historic Memory' (La Ley de la Memoria Historica) of the street names. This paper analyses the places names and the street names of some settlements of St James' Way (Camino de Santiago) emphasysing the sources of places names (historical, natural, economical, religious ones) and the actions of the local authorities to implement the central decisions in the field of street names. There are used limited amount of examples as the work is at its beginning
关键词：Places names; Streets names; Political actions; Religious and historical aspects; St James' ;Way ;Introduction ;The idea of this study appeared on the wide ;north-Spanish places crossed in the summer ;of the years 2008 and 2009 in the context of ;pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. Since ;in each locality where we were resting at the ;end of a stage remained a few hours of ;walking and contact with local reality; I ;considered properly to use this time to ;discover the names of the places from the ;local horizon (focus on streets' names). ;Gradually; I gathered an interesting material; ;used as well in my lectures to students. ;As in the case of other spaces; the ;Toponymy of Spain represents a true archive ;which preserves the memory of some ;situations from the past; closer or distant; ;situations which had impressed the ;inhabitants; marked their existence; ;remaining in the memory of inhabitants; ;being noted in written documents of various ;significations. Once noted ¨C as "marks" of ;different parts of geographical reality ¨C they ;acquired other significations as well than ;those of contributing to orientation / ;positioning of inhabitants in space. The ;mental component; of the symbol represented ;by these names; increased with the ;development of society. ;In the real / particular case of the space ;where is registered Camino de Santiago ;(version camino frances) ¨C route crossed by ;pilgrims all over the world for more than a ;thousand years ¨C the significations of places' ;names exceed the simple reporting of Iberians ;to the space which they populate; offering ;*Corresponding author: ;Email: ionnicolae1945@yahoo.com ; var currentpos;timer; function initialize() { timer=setInterval("scrollwindow()";10);} function sc(){clearInterval(timer); }function scrollwindow() { currentpos=document.body.scrollTop; window.scroll(0;++currentpos); if (currentpos != document.body.scrollTop) sc();} document.onmousedown=scdocument.ondblclick=initializeION NICOLAE ;HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES ¨C Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography; ;(2010) 4.1; 17-31;18;interesting situations to those who are noted ;on camino due to cultural reasons. The resort ;to bibliographical sources and direct ;knowledge of appointed object remain ;obligatory conditions for a correct explanation ;of geographical names; of the significations ;incorporated by these during years. In the ;particular case of streets' names (odonyms); ;we deal with an intervention (with variable ;intensities) of authorities; the streets' names ;being most often used by inhabitants. ;Taken as a whole; the names of places ;reflect the variety of natural environment; the ;process of population and the long action of ;active adjustment of communities to natural ;and social environment. At the same time; ;they represent a part of the cultural patrimony ;of a people; being necessary ¨C in our case ¨C to ;know the elements which created the identity ;of Spain. (fig. 1) It is approved ¨C generally ¨C the ;contribution of four successive layers of ;history; of culture and civilisation; which ;created the fundamental identity of Spain ;(Drimba; 2007; 7). ;1. The first layer; that of Iberians ;(established in 2;nd;millennium before Christ); ;mixed with Celtics (starting with VII century ;before Christ) ¨C Celtic Iberians. From them ;remained names of rivers;1; the hydronyms ;being; as we know; the category of names of ;places most resistant to time erosion following ;the terms entered in the structure of some ;toponyms arrived; some of them changed; up ;to present: berg / "mountain; briga / ;"fortification" (ex. Juliobriga today Logrono); ;briva / "bridge" (ex. Brieva; near Najera); bur; ;burr / "head"; "peak". In the same toponymic ;layer are also included the names of places ;resulted from euskerra (Basque); language ;isolated from the rest of European linguistic ;families. I bring now in discussion two ;oiconyms from Navarra;2;section of camino ¨C ;Zubiri (zubi+iri; "village from the bridge") and ;Huarte (<ura+arte; "water + land between ;waters") reminding of the position of initial ;toft of this locality in the neighbourhood of ;Pamplona; in a wide meander of Arga river ;(Celdran; 2002; 903; 400). ;2. The antic layer created / produced by ;Tyrians (including Carthaginians); Greeks and ;Romans. They shall incorporate urban ;accommodations among which Cadix (the ;most famous town of Occidental Europe) and ;Malaga; founded by Tyrians under the name ;of Gadeira (romanised Gades; taken over by ;Arabians as Qadis) and respectively Mainake ;(the Romans named it Malaca) (Celdran; 2002; ;185; 465). The most "consistent" contributions ;was that of Romans who dominated the ;Iberian space; imposing a sole language; where ;appeared several names of places arrived up to ;our days; in forms obviously amended but ;meant to evoke their Latin origin. Ex. Astorga ;(<Asturica Augusta) capital of Maragateria; ;Salcedo (<salicetum); in Galicia (on the route ;of camino); Pineda (<pinetum) ¨C several ;localities; including one on Maresme Coast in ;Catalunya; Zaragoza (<Caesaraugusta; name ;give in honour of Julius Caesar; Arabian form ;Saraqusta). ;3. The layer produced by Germanic ;migrations; Visigoths and Sueves; when; for ;the first time in the history appears the ;geopolitical concept of Spain;3;. In toponymy; ;there have been preserved names of places ;leaving from anthroponyms; most frequently ;in Galicia where sueves have established ;(another Germanic people): Gomariz; ;Gondomar (<Gundemar); Rairiz; Allariz; ;Mondariz; Hermisende; Aldan; Sendium etc. ;There have resisted up to present Latin-;Germanic; hybrid forms; such as Castrojeriz ;(<Castrum Sigerici); Vileza (<villa de Agiza); ;Villalan (<villa Egilani) etc. The Germanic ;tracks in toponymy are more obvious in ;Galicia; Asturia and in lower proportions in ;the provinces of Leon and Zamora (Fanjul; ;2005; 189). ;4. The layer produced by the invasions ;of Moslems (started in 711) who named the ;space conquered Al Andalus;4;. The long ;presence of Moslems (most of them in North ;Africa; Hamites and not Semites/authentic ;Arabians) left tracks in Iberian Toponymy; ;more numerous in the south of the country. ;For instance; there are several names of places ;(especially hydronyms or oiconyms with the ;origin in hydronyms) which begin with Guad ;the equivalent of wadi-water: Guadajoz ;("puddle river"; wadi alshush) (Albaiges; 1998; ;291); Guadalajara ("river of stones"; wadi aljar); ;Guadalcanal (river with quay sector; wadi al ;kanal); Guadalupe ("river of wolf"; wadi ;al-'lub); Guadalquivir (wadi al-kibir; "great
