摘要：The article deals with place and role of a research problem and its cognitive functions. The author dis-tinguishes following cognitive functions of the prob-lem: initiating, integrating, systematizing, and regula-tory. The fundamental scientific problem is a specific cognitive and communicative attractor for the academ-ic society and culture as a whole. The article sets forth a functional typology of the scientific problems includ-ing six types: 1) existence, 2) description, 3) explana-tion, 4) prognostication, 5) technological problems,6) reflexive problems. This typology may be applied for research of the science development
