期刊名称：Reason Papers : A Journal of Interdisciplinary Normative Studies
印刷版ISSN：0363-1893
出版年度：1979
卷号：5
出版社：Reason Papers
摘要：M ODERN POLITICAL THINKERS have consistently agreed that the goal of social action is freedom. Spinoza, for example, states that "the purpose (finis) of the state is really freedom. "' Rousseau's opening commen1. s of the Social Contract indicate that he is concerned with the liberation of mankind. J S . Mill, in the introductory chapter of On Liberty, argues that the conflict between liberty and authority is the central political issue. Ancient political philosophy, on the other hand, is characterized by a rather different attitude toward the purpose of the state. Aristotle, in face, criticizes the democrat who places liberty and equality above all social value^.^ For the ancients, virtue constituted the end to be sought. It is "for the sake of good actions . . . tlhat political associations must be considered to exist.3 The fundamental political choice, therefore, seems to be between a regime that prom~otesf reedom and one that promotes virtue. Are these mut~allye xclusive alternatives?
