摘要：Because resilience of a biological system is a product of its evolutionary history, the historicaltemplate that describes the relationships between species and their dynamic habitats is an important pointof reference. Habitats used by Pacific salmon have been quite variable throughout their evolutionary history,and these habitats can be characterized by four key attributes of disturbance regimes: frequency, magnitude,duration, and predictability. Over the past two centuries, major anthropogenic changes to salmon ecosystemshave dramatically altered disturbance regimes that the species experience. To the extent that thesedisturbance regimes assume characteristics outside the range of the historical template, resilience of salmonpopulations might be compromised. We discuss anthropogenic changes that are particularly likely tocompromise resilience of Pacific salmon and management actions that could help bring the current patternsof disturbance regimes more in line with the historical template
