摘要：The increasing number of deteriorating old dams that need renovation or have lost theirfunction make dam removal a viable management option. There are at least four major reasons for damremoval: safety, law and policy, economy, and ecology. Here we discuss 17 Swedish dams that wererecently considered for removal. Because dam removal usually causes controversy, dam removal initiativesmay succeed, fail, or result in a compromise such as a bypass channel for migrating fish. We identify anddiscuss three major obstructions to dam removal: funding, cultural-historical values, and threatened species.To facilitate dam removal, the reasons for, and the effects of, dam removal must be carefully explained,and the public and stakeholders must be kept informed. In complicated cases in which compromise solutionsmay be the most feasible outcome, the integration of the knowledge of different stakeholders is crucial.The involvement of diverse stakeholders increases their willingness to find compromises, thus avoidingconflicts and failures
关键词：controversies; dam removal; information; obstructions; reservoirs; rivers; stakeholder;involvement; Sweden
