摘要：Over the past decade, "Payments for Environmental Services" (PES) have received a greatdeal of attention as a natural-resource management approach. We propose a revised definition andframework for PES implementation that focuses on the use of positive incentives as the philosophy behindPES and conditionality as the method for influencing behaviors. We note the importance of additionalityof PES interventions to justify their value in a wider context. Finally, we highlight the need to understandthe local institutional context in terms of the characteristics of buyers, sellers, and their relationship forimplementation to be effective. Our framework acts as a platform to begin examining how the variety ofoptions for structuring PES projects can be adapted to a range of existing institutional contexts
