摘要：Historical range of variability has been proposed as a concept that can be used by forest landmanagers to guide conservation of ecosystem functions and biodiversity conservation. The role of humansin historical range of variability has remained somewhat murky and unsettled, even though it is clear thathumans have been, are, and will continue to be forces of disturbance and recovery in forested landscapes.We attempt to develop concepts that integrate the ecological and social forces affecting landscape variability.Toward that end, we present a conceptual framework that places "range of variability" into a broader contextand integrates the ecological and social forces affecting landscapes past, present, and future. We use twoterms to aid us in understanding the utility of historical range of variability as a context and future rangeof variability as a point of comparison: (1) the ecological range of variability is the estimated range of someecological condition as a function of the biophysical and social forces affecting the area and (2) the socialrange of variability is the range of an ecological condition that society finds acceptable at a given time. Wefind it is important to recognize that future range of variability represents a constantly emerging and changingset of conditions, and that the more humans push a system to depart from its historical range of variabiloitydomain, the less likely it becomes that historical range of variability processes will prove useful asbenchmarks in recovering a system
关键词：forests; future range of variability; historical range of variability; social acceptability; social;range of variability
