摘要：The expansion of renewable energy production is seen as an appropriate way to mitigateclimate change. Renewable energies are not free of negative external effects on humans and the naturalenvironment. We analyzed the conflict between wind power production and bird protection through theexample of one of the most sensitive species, the red kite (Milvus milvus) in West Saxony, Germany. Weinvestigated a large number of potential land use scenarios, defined by whether or not each potential sitecontained a wind turbine (WT). Based on meteorological and ornithological data, we evaluated the landuse scenarios for their annual energy supply and impact on the red kite. We identified the efficient landuse scenarios that maximized energy supply for a given ecological impact. Within the scope of our analysis,the current allocation of WTs in the study region was considered inefficient. The set of efficient scenariosallowed us to draw conclusions on the trade-offs involved. We developed an indicator that measures theseverity of the conflict between wind power production and bird protection. Increasing the minimumdistance of WTs to settlements beyond the legal requirements in order to minimize the impact on humansfurther intensifies the conflict. Our results can support planning authorities in their development of long-term regional plans by identifying areas that are most suitable for wind power production from an integratedpoint of view
关键词：: bird protection; efficiency frontier; land use optimization; spatial allocation; trade-off; wind;power
