摘要：Conservation organizations are increasingly turning to landscape approaches to achieve abalance between conservation and development goals. We use six case studies in Africa and Asia to explorethe role of participatory modeling with stakeholders as one of the steps towards implementing a landscapeapproach. The modeling was enthusiastically embraced by some stakeholders and led to impact in somecases. Different stakeholders valued the modeling exercise differently. Noteworthy was the differencebetween those stakeholders connected to the policy process and scientists; the presence of the former inthe modeling activities is key to achieving policy impacts, and the latter were most critical of participatorymodeling. Valued aspects of the modeling included stimulating cross-sector strategic thinking, and helpingparticipants to confront the real drivers of change and to recognize trade-offs. The modeling was generallyconsidered to be successful in building shared understanding of issues. This understanding was gainedmainly in the discussions held in the process of building the model rather than in the model outputs. Themodel itself reflects but a few of the main elements of the usually rich discussions that preceded itsfinalization. Problems emerged when models became too complex. Key lessons for participatory modelingare the need for good facilitation in order to maintain a balance between "models as stories" and technicalmodeling, and the importance of inviting the appropriate stakeholders to achieve impact
关键词：conservation and development; landscape approach; multiple stakeholders; natural resource;policy; participatory modeling; systems modeling
