摘要：Fisheries science and management have been shrouded in controversy and rhetoric for over125 yrs. Human reliance on fish through history (and even prehistory) has impacted the sea and its resources.Global impacts are manifest today in threatened food security and vulnerable marine ecosystems. Growingconsumer demand and subsidized industrial fisheries exacerbate ecosystem degradation, climate change,global inequities, and local poverty. Ten commonly advocated fisheries management solutions, ifimplemented alone, cannot remedy a history of intense fishing and serial stock depletions. Fisheries policystrategies evaluated along five performance modalities (ecological, economic, social, ethical, andinstitutional) suggest that composite management strategies, such as ecosystem-based management andhistorically based restoration, can do better. A scientifically motivated solution to the fisheries problemcan be found in the restorable elements of past ecosystems, if some of our present ideology, practices, andtastes can be relinquished for this historical imperative. Food and social security can be enhanced using acomposite strategy that targets traditional food sources and implements customary management practices.Without binding laws, however, instituting such an ethically motivated goal for fisheries policy can easilybe compromised by global market pressures. In a restored and productive ecosystem, fishing is clearly theprivilege of a few. The realities of imminent global food insecurity, however, may dictate a strategy todeliberately fish down the food web, if the basic human right to food is to be preserved for all
关键词：back-to-the-future; ecological ethics; ecosystem restoration; fisheries management; fishing;down the food web; food security; policy goals; the sea ahead; trade-offs
