摘要：This paper uses northern Sweden as a case study of a multi-use social-ecological system, inwhich forestry and reindeer husbandry interact as different land use forms in the same area. We aim todescribe the timeline of main events that have influenced resource use in northern Sweden, that is, to attempta historical profiling of the system, and to discuss these trends in the system in terms of adaptive cyclesand resilience. The study shows that key political decisions have created strong path dependencies and asituation in which forestry today is characterized by low flexibility and low resilience due to the highlyoptimized harvesting of tree resources. Since forestry is the overwhelmingly strongest actor, trends inforestry from the mid-19th century forward are, to a large part, driving dynamics in reindeer husbandryand environmental protection, resulting in a system of interlocking panarchies with large implications forthe competing land uses
