摘要：Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) are a type of catch share system, which is a tool usedby some governments to manage fisheries. Technical reasons for taking a rather cautious approach to theimplementation of ITQs have been provided previously. In the current contribution, I first highlight thestrengths and weaknesses of ITQs and then provide suggestions on how to design and implement thesequotas to mitigate their weaknesses. ITQs need to be designed carefully as part of a broad ecosystem-basedmanagement scheme to meet the three generally accepted objectives of modern fisheries management:ecological, economic, and social sustainability
关键词：catch shares; ecological sustainability; economic sustainability; economic efficiency;exclusive and transferable rights; ecosystem-based fisheries management; fisheries; individual;transferable quotas; ITQs; social sustainability
