摘要：Emerging bioenergy markets portend both boon and bane for regions of intensive agriculturalproduction worldwide. To understand and guide the effects of bioenergy markets on agricultural landscapes,communities, and economies, we engaged leaders in the Corn Belt state of Iowa in a participatory workshopand follow-up interviews to develop future policy scenarios. Analysis of workshop and interview data, inconjunction with the results of regional social and ecological research, was used to develop a heuristicmodel outlining interactions between key drivers and outcomes of regional landscape change. Three policyscenarios were built on this framework and included the following approaches: tweak, adapt, and transform.Our results suggest that if macroscale markets, technologies, and federal farm policies are allowed to bethe overriding drivers of farm owner and operator decision making, Iowa's agricultural landscapes willlikely become highly efficient at row crop production at the cost of other desired outcomes. However, theperspectives of Iowa leaders demonstrate how multifunctional agricultural landscapes can be achievedthrough a concerted portfolio of change coordinated across local, regional, and national scales
关键词：agriculture; complexity; ecosystem services; Iowa; participatory; perennials; resilience; scale;social-ecological systems
