摘要：Marine historical ecology provides historic insights into past ocean ecosystems that arecrucial to effectively confronting the declining health and resilience in marine ecosystems. A more 'peopled'approach to marine historical ecology is necessary, given the heightened emphasis on human dimensionsin marine management. This study examined the historical ecology of Hawaiian coral reef ecosystemsthrough oral histories of diverse ocean experts, representing six traditional, local, and scientific knowledgesystems. Based on 61 in-depth interviews with these ocean experts, historical trends, abundance, anddistribution over 80 years and a 50-mile region for 271 species emerged. Analyzing trends by ecologicalguild, e.g., herbivores, proved inappropriate to these data; rather, based on qualitative analyses, five distincttrends encompassing nearly all species emerged in what we term "social-ecological guilds." Ocean expert'sobservations of change were surprisingly consistent, regardless of their knowledge system, whereasperceptions of change varied widely. The historical picture was far broader and richer when the contributionsof six knowledge systems were incorporated, compared to that of any one alone. Social-ecological guildsalso matter critically from a management perspective, because understanding how experts from amultiplicity of perspectives observe, interpret, and respond to ecological change can help managersanticipate responses to management activities and perhaps to design better management strategies
关键词：conservation; coral reefs; local ecological knowledge; marine historical ecology; social-;ecological systems; traditional ecological knowledge
