摘要：Integrated water resources management (IWRM) and adaptive management (AM) are twoinstitutional and management paradigms designed to address shortcomings within water systemsgovernance; the limits of hierarchical water institutional arrangements in the case of IWRM and thechallenge of making water management decisions under uncertainty in the case of AM. Recently, therehas been a trend to merge these paradigms to address the growing complexity of stressors shaping watermanagement such as globalization and climate change. However, because many of these joint approacheshave received little empirical attention, questions remain about how they might work, or not, in practice.Here, we explore a few of these issues using empirical research carried out in Brazil. We focus onhighlighting the potentially negative interactions, tensions, and trade-offs between different institutions/mechanisms perceived as desirable as research and practice attempt to make water systems managementsimultaneously integrated and adaptive. Our examples pertain mainly to the use of techno-scientificknowledge in water management and governance in Brazil's IWRM model and how it relates toparticipation, democracy, deliberation, diversity, and adaptability. We show that a legacy of technical andhierarchical management has shaped the integration of management, and subsequently, the degree to whichmanagement might also be adaptive. Although integrated systems may be more legitimate and accountablethan top-down command and control ones, the mechanisms of IWRM may be at odds with the flexible,experimental, and self-organizing nature of AM.
关键词：adaptive capacity; adaptive management; institutional inertia; integrated water resources;management; resilience; trade-offs; water governance
