摘要：The responsibility for managing and conserving freshwater ecosystems is typically sharedby multiple organizations with sometimes conflicting policy mandates. However, scorecard-basedapproaches for measuring management effectiveness in natural resource management are usually confinedto single organizations. This paper describes a social learning approach which acknowledges cooperationas an essential precondition for effective management and that encourages reflective coassessment ofcooperative relationships. The approach was pilot tested with eight participating organizations in one watermanagement area in South Africa. It specifically aimed to allow for a multiagency reflective assessmentof issues determining cooperative behavior, allow context-specific adaptations, and be embedded inadaptive management. It involved development of a spreadsheet-based scorecard-type tool that can be usedto facilitate a multiagency workshop. This workshop serves to bring parties face-to-face and helps themcodiscover their interdependence, shortcomings, and strengths. The spreadsheet structures reflection ontheir respective roles and effectiveness while the reflective coassessment motivates participants to addressshortcomings. Overall, insights that emerged included: cooperation should be an explicit component ofeach organization's operational strategy; facilitation of appropriate cooperative behavior could be veryeffectively achieved by external "bridging organizations"; the reflective assessment process must befollowed by purposefully adaptive interventions; the ability of the scorecard to be contextually adaptivewas important; and institutional readiness requires investigation as the approach does sit somewhatuncomfortably with much current practice
