摘要：New concepts of governance take account of ambivalence, uncertainty, and distributed powerin societal change. They aim for reflexivity regarding the limits of prognostic knowledge and actual controlof complex processes of change. Adaptive management and transition management are two examples thatevolved from the analysis of social–ecological and sociotechnical systems, respectively. Both featurestrategies of collective experimentation and learning. In this paper, we ask how these two designs of reflexivegovernance consider politics. Based on a framework of different dimensions and levels of politics, we showthat they are mainly concerned with problem solving by a focal process, but conflict and asymmetric powerrelations, as well as the embedding of processes within broader political contexts, are neglected. We suggesttwo routes for integrating politics into the design of reflexive governance: (1) recognize the politics oflearning for sustainable development and develop safeguards against domination and capture by powerfulactors, and (2) systematically consider the embedding of governance designs in political contexts and theirongoing dynamics for political fit
关键词：adaptive management; embedding in political context; governance design; politics; reflexive;governance; societal learning; transition management
