摘要：Ten case studies from seven major pastoral regions across six continents were studied in thispaper by conceptualizing three factors (agro-ecosystem resilience, livelihood options, and institutioncapacity) as the axes of a three-dimensional vulnerability framework. This analysis highlights thevulnerability of agriculture-based livelihood systems to global changes and helps identify what institutionshave the potential to mobilize effective relief in different pastoral regions. In terms of results, thisvulnerability assessment shows that the vulnerability of pastoralism was very different in all the casesacross the globe. As such, a further analysis, based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model wasundertaken to enhance our understanding of the ways that global changes put pressures on pastorallivelihoods worldwide. From this we conclude that climate change and climate variability are driving fragilepastoral ecosystems into more vulnerable conditions. Socioeconomic factors, such as changes in land tenure,agriculture, sedentarization, and institutions are fracturing large-scale pastoral ecosystems into spatiallyisolated systems. The implications of this analysis are that professionals, practitioners, and policy makersshould jointly develop a coupled human and natural systems approach that focuses on enhancing theresilience of pastoral communities and their practices. This requires institutional developments to supportasset building and good governance to enhance adaptive capability. In addition, pastoralists' adaptationstrategies to global change need to be supported by public awareness and improved by institutional decisionsat different scales and dimensions
关键词：adaptation management; global change; pastoral systems; resilience enhancement;vulnerability mitigation
