摘要：Management of social-ecological systems takes place amidst complex governance processes and cross-scaleinstitutional arrangements that are mediated through politics of scale. Each management scenario generates distinct cross-scaletrade-offs in the distribution of pluralistic values. This study explores the hypothesis that conservation-oriented managementscenarios generate higher value for international and national scale social organizations, whereas mixed or more balancedmanagement scenarios generate higher value for local scale social organizations. This hypothesis is explored in the managementcontext of Ruaha National Park (RNP), Tanzania, especially the 2006 expansion of RNP that led to the eviction of manypastoralists and farmers. Five management scenarios for RNP, i.e., national park, game reserve, game control area, multiple usearea, and open area, are evaluated in a multicriteria decision analytical framework on six valuation criteria: economic welfare;good governance; socio-cultural values; social equity; ecosystem services; and biodiversity protection; and at three spatial scales:local, national, and international. Based upon this evaluation, we discuss the politics of scale that ensue from the implementationof management alternatives with different mixes of conservation and development goals in social-ecological systems
