摘要：A central goal of most sustainable agriculture programs is to encourage growers to adopt practices that jointlyprovide economic, environmental, and social benefits. Using surveys of outreach professionals and wine grape growers, wequantify the perceived costs and benefits of sustainable viticulture practices recommended by sustainability outreach andcertification programs. We argue that the mix of environmental benefits, economic benefits, and economic costs determinewhether or not a particular practice involves decisions about innovation or cooperation. Decision making is also affected by theoverall level of knowledge regarding different practices, and we show that knowledge gaps are an increasing function of costand a decreasing function of benefits. How different practices are related to innovation and cooperation has important implicationsfor the design of sustainability outreach programs. Cooperation, innovation, and knowledge gaps are issues that are likely to berelevant for the resilience and sustainability of many different types of social-ecological systems
