摘要：Growth of human activities often conflict with nature conservation requirements and integrated assessments arenecessary to build reliable scenarios for management. In the Limfjord, Denmark's largest estuary, nutrient loading reductionsare necessary to fulfill EU regulations criteria, such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Cuts in nutrient loadings do notnecessarily result in corresponding reductions in eutrophication impacts or in improving primary and higher trophic-levelproduction. Similarly, the socioeconomic consequences of a mussel fishery and aquaculture production are complex and hardto predict. This study focuses on the usefulness of a System Approach Framework (SAF) implementation for stakeholderunderstanding of complex systems and development of sustainable management. Ecological-social-economic (ESE) modelsimulations clearly demonstrated the potential problems of WFD implementation for mussel fishers and mussel farmers.Simulation of mussel fishery closures resulted in a tenfold increase in the hitherto fishable mussel biomass and a similar decreasein the biomass of shallow-water mussels and medium-sized ones in deep water. A total closure of the mussel fishery could resultin an annual profit loss of ~€6.2 million. Scenario simulation of the introduction of one, two, three, and four mussel culturefarms of ~19 ha showed that the introduction of line-mussels would decrease the biomass of wild mussels both in shallow anddeep waters, affecting the catch and profit of fishers. The SAF, which included consultation with stakeholders at all stages,differs from the traditional public consultation process in that (1) communication was verbal and multilateral, (2) discussionamong stakeholders was facilitated, and (3) stakeholder opinions and priorities formed the focus of the ESE assessment.
