标题：Resilience of Sweet Chestnut and Truffle Holm-Oak Rural Forests in Languedoc-Roussillon, France: Roles of Social-Ecological Legacies, Domestication, and Innovations
摘要：The Cévennes sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) forest-orchards and the holm-oak (Quercus ilex L.) blacktruffle (Tuber melanosporum Vittad.) associations of the garrigue in Languedoc-Roussillon have suffered a century of declinebecause of great reductions of rural populations and lack of understanding of the ecological and social dimensions of these ruralforests by sectorial public agencies. Levels of tree and forest domestication alternated during historical periods in parallel withstatuses of disorganization and reorganization of local social groups. Social-ecological legacies intrinsically linked to trees,forests, and landscape domestication, as well as knowledge, social, and technical practices have been mobilized and provideda basis for knowledge innovations, new domestications, uses, and new institutional networks related to changes in social set-ups. Collective actions emerging from local needs to revive territories in a modern context, cross-scale and reciprocal exchangesof rural and scientific knowledge, as well as institutional changes are interrelated variables that have enabled innovations andhave increased resilience of these rural forests. This paper opens new avenues for future research on the interplay between theeffects of social-ecological legacies and innovations on the resilience of social-ecological systems
