标题：Synergies, Trade-offs, and Losses of Ecosystem Services in Urban Regions: an Integrated Multiscale Framework Applied to the Leipzig-Halle Region, Germany
摘要：Because we have entered the 'millennium of the cities', urban ecological research needs to account for theprovisions ecosystem services provide to urban regions. In urban areas, ecosystem service assessment studies need to accountfor the complex land use patterns, which change over relatively short periods of time. We discuss an analytical framework forthe spatial and temporal integration of different ecosystem services in an urban region to determine synergies, trade-offs andlosses, and we employ a case study in Leipzig-Halle, Germany. The following five ecosystem services, which are of specialimportance for urban areas, were selected: local climate regulation, recreation potential, biodiversity potential, food supply, andabove-ground carbon storage. These services were analyzed from 1990 to 2006. Our results identified only slight increases inurbanization (1% or 3 km2) and in mining restoration (-11 km2). However, the detected land use changes led to synergies withbiodiversity and climate regulation of > 50% of the total area, whereas trade-offs of approximately 60% were detected betweenvariables such as climate regulation and recreation. Finally, we address both the opportunities and the challenges that wereencountered in the integration study, specifically with respect to the application in land use planning
关键词：Ecosystem services; Leipzig-Halle; synergies; trade-offs; urban regions
