摘要：The 1964 Columbia River Treaty between the United States and Canada is currently under review. Under thetreaty, the river is jointly operated by the two countries for hydropower and is the largest producer of hydropower in the westernhemisphere. In considering the next phase of international river governance, the degree of uncertainty surrounding the driversof change complicates efforts to predict and manage under traditional approaches that rely on historical ecosystem responses.At the same time, changes in social values have focused attention on ecosystem health, the decline of which has led to the listingof seven salmon and four steelhead populations under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Although adaptive management isconsidered one approach to resource management in the face of uncertainty, an early attempt at its implementation in the U.S.portion of the basin failed. We explore these issues in the context of resilience, taking the position that while adaptive managementmay foster ecological resilience, it is only one factor in the institutional changes needed to foster social-ecological resiliencecaptured in the concept of adaptive governance
关键词：adaptive governance; Columbia River basin; law; resilience
