摘要：Global conservation expansion has been associated with significant changes in cross-scale interactions and in thediscourses surrounding them engendering new scale challenges in the field of biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we analyzeframes of scale challenges by drawing on evidence from eight focus groups of stakeholders and scientists from Greece andFinland. By following a systematic frame analysis we found three dominant frames. First, framing scale challenges as mainlyderived from knowledge gaps regarding ecological scale emphasizes the scale problems occurring when only limitedconsideration is given to the scale-dependence of ecological phenomena. This prioritizes the formulation of scientificallyinformed conservation policies, discounting the importance of governance by concentrating on specialized environmentaladministrations. Second, framing scale challenges as stemming from limited fit highlights the scale problems caused bydiscrepancies in the alignment of natural and social scales and underlines the need to optimize the match between ecologicaland governance levels with more or less fixed boundaries. Third, framing scale challenges as primarily derived from inequalitiesin existing power relationships and learning processes emphasizes scale problems resulting when the dominant perception ofscale is seen as a neutral, technical issue. This calls for investigations focused explicitly on how conservation scaling contributesto the production of new social-ecological entities in space and time. Dialogues between aspects of the different frames offer apotential path toward deliberative learning aimed at resolving current contradictions in the spatial patterning of human-environment interactions produced by biodiversity conservation
