摘要：Many protected areas (PAs) have followed the conventional and exclusionary approach applied at Yellowstonein 1872. As such, many parks have failed to fully integrate other important factors, such as social, cultural, and political issues.In some cases, this has triggered adverse social impacts on local communities, disrupting their traditional ways of living andlimiting their control of and access to natural resources. Such an outcome can undermine protection policies through conflictsbetween park managers and local communities. The success of conservation strategies through protected areas may lie in theability of managers to reconcile biodiversity conservation goals with social and economic issues and to promote greatercompliance of local communities with PA conservation strategies. However, there are very few quantitative studies identifyingwhat the key factors are that lead to better compliance with PA conservation policies. To address this issue, we conducted ameta-analysis of 55 published case studies from developing countries to determine whether the level of compliance of localcommunities with PA regulations was related to: (1) PA age, (2) PA area, (3) the existence of a buffer zone, (4) the level ofprotection as defined by IUCN categories, (5) gross domestic product per capita, (6) population density in the vicinity of PAs,and (7) the level of local community participation in PA management. We found that local community participation in the PAdecision-making process was the only variable that was significantly related to the level of compliance with PA polices. Ingeneral, the higher the level of participation, the higher the level of compliance. This has important implications for PAmanagement and suggests that greater inclusion of local communities in management should be a key strategy for ensuring theintegrity of PAs
