摘要：The importance of scale dynamics and scale mismatches for outcomes of natural resource management has beenwidely discussed. In this article we develop theoretically the concept of 'knowledge scales' and illustrate it through empiricalexamples. We define scales of knowledge as the temporal and spatial extent and character of knowledge held by individualsand collectives, and argue that disparate scales of knowledge are an important 'scale mismatch,' which together with scalepolitics, lead to conflicts in Nepalese forest management. We reveal how there are multiple positions within local knowledgesystems and how these positions emerge through people's use of and relations to the forest, in a dynamic interaction betweenthe natural environment and relations of power such as gender, literacy, and caste. Nepalese forestry is a realm in which powerand scales of knowledge are being coproduced in community forestry, at the interface of material and symbolic practices in useof forest resources, and in contestations of social-political relations. Further, we reflect upon the importance of clear and preciseuse of scale concepts and present a methodological approach using triangulation for divergence, enabling researchers andpractitioners involved in natural resource management to reveal scale mismatches and politics
