摘要：If rea sonable fishery harvests and environmental harms are spec ified in new regulations, policies, and lawsgoverning the exploitation of fish for food and livelihoods, then societal baselines can shift to achieve sustainable fisheries andmarine conservation. Fisheries regulations can limit the environmental and social costs or harms caused by fishing by requiringthe fishing industry to pay for the privilege to fish, via access fees for the opportunity to catch fish and extraction fees for fishcaught; both fees can be combined with a progressive environmental tax to discourage overcapitalization and overfishing.Fisheries policies can be sustainable if predicated on an instrumental and ethical harm principle to reduce fishing harm. Toprotect the public trust in fisheries, environmental laws can identify the unsustainable depletion of fishery resources as ecologicaldamage and a public nuisance to bind private fishing enterprises to a harm principle. Collaborative gove rnance can fostersustainable fishe ries if decision-making rights and responsibilities of marine stewardship are shared among government, thefishing industry, and civil society. As global food security and human welfare are threatened by accelerating human populationgrowth and environmental impacts, decisions of how to use and protect the environment will involve collective choices in whichall citizens have a stake – and a right
关键词：collaborative fisheries gov ernance; common heritage of mankind principle; conservation; disincentives to;overcapitalize and overfish; ecological damage; environmental ethics; environmental protection; fishing harm; harm principle;law of nuisance; marine stewardship; precautionary principle; public trust doctrine; sustainable fisheries
