摘要：Incentivizing private landowners and other stakeholders is central to the effective conservation of ecosystemservices in working landscapes. To better understand how to design effective incentives, the perceptions of landowners andother stakeholders are explored regarding a proposed approach to clearing invasive alien plants on private land in the WesternCape Province, South Africa. The public funded national program, Working for Water, conserves ecosystem services whileemploying and training people from marginalized sectors of society to clear these plants. Private landowner involvement is akey conservation challenge, because without adequate landowner involvement, invasive alien plants persist on the landscapeand continuously reinvade cleared areas. We collected interview data from private landowners in three study sites, and web-survey data from conservation professionals and Working for Water managers, in order to compare stakeholder perceptions of(1) government and landowners' responsibilities for clearing invasive alien plants; (2) existing and proposed policy tools; and(3) the extent to which stakeholders consider the proposed financial incentive to be sufficient. There was significant consensusamong stakeholders concerning their preference for shared landowner and government responsibility and for a policy mix thatcombines incentives with disincentives. Landowners from the three study sites differed in the level of responsibility they werewilling to assume. Stakeholders also diverged in terms of their perceptions of the proposed financial incentives. Furthermore,the perspectives of landowners were strongly associated with ecological and social features of the landscapes in which they arelocated. Understanding stakeholders' points of view within their differing contexts is shown to be a valuable means of gaininginsight into the opportunities and constraints that face ecosystem service conservation in working landscapes
关键词：ecosystem services; invasive alien plants; landowner incentives; private land; stakeholder analysis; Western Cape;Working for Water; working landscapes
