摘要：Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and enhancing forest carbon stocks (REDD+)is a performance-based payment mechanism currently being debated in international and national environmental policy andplanning forums. As the mechanism is based on conditionality, payments must reflect land stewards' level of compliance withcarbon-efficient management practices. However, lack of clarity in land governance and carbon rights could undermine REDD+implementation. Strategies are needed to avoid perverse incentives resulting from the commoditization of forest carbon stocksand, importantly, to identify and secure the rights of legitimate recipients of future REDD+ payments. We propose a landscape-level approach to address potential conflicts related to carbon tenure and REDD+ benefit sharing. We explore various land-tenure scenarios and their implications for carbon ownership in the context of a research site in northern Laos. Our case studyshows that a combination of relevant scientific tools, knowledge, and participatory approaches can help avoid the marginalizationof rural communities during the REDD+ process. The findings demonstrate that participatory land-use planning is an importantstep in ensuring that local communities are engaged in negotiating REDD+ schemes and that such negotiations are transparent.Local participation and agreements on land-use plans could provide a sound basis for developing efficient measurement, reporting,and verification systems for REDD+.
