摘要：Increasing attention to formal recognition of indigenous and community conserved areas (ICCAs) as part ofnational and/or global protected area systems is generating novel encounters between the customary institutions through whichindigenous peoples and local communities manage these traditional estates and the bureaucratic institutions of protected areamanagement planning. Although management plans are widely considered to be important to effective management of protectedareas, little guidance has been available about how their form and content can effectively reflect the distinctive socio-culturaland political characteristics of ICCAs. This gap has been particularly apparent in Australia where a trend to rapidly increasedformal engagement of indigenous people in environmental management resulted, by 2012, in 50 indigenous groups voluntarilydeclaring their intent to manage all or part of their estates for conservation in perpetuity, as an indigenous protected area (IPA).Development and adoption of a management plan is central to the process through which the Australian Government recognizesthese voluntary declarations and invests resources in IPA management. We identified four types of innovations, apparent insome recent IPA plans, which reflect the distinctive socio-cultural and political characteristics of ICCAs and support indigenouspeople as the primary decision makers and drivers of knowledge integration in IPAs. These are (1) a focus on customaryinstitutions in governance; (2) strategic planning approaches that respond to interlinkages of stewardship between people, place,plants, and animals; (3) planning frameworks that bridge scales by considering values and issues across the whole of an indigenouspeople's territory; and (4) varied communication modes appropriate to varied audiences, including an emphasis on visual andspatial modes. Further research is warranted into how governance and management of IPAs, and the plans that support theseprocesses, can best engender adaptive management and diverse strong partnerships while managing the risk of partners erodinglocal control
关键词：aboriginal land management; community-based conservation; indigenous community conserved areas; indigenous;protected areas; management effectiveness; planning
