摘要：Background in music theory: Tanbur(or tambur), long-necked, fretted, plucked lute performed in traditional Turkish art music (TTAM) can be said to have a place similar to piano in western classical music. Therefore, throughout the history of this musical culture, there has been a strong relationship between the tanburfretting and the tuning system of TTAM. However there is a certain divergence of theory and practice in TTAM (Bozkurt et al. 2009; Gedik and Bozkurt 2009): While the theory dictates fixed pitch interval values and fixed number of pitches, both the number of pitches and pitch intervals have a certain flexibility in practice depending on the performers and tanbur makers. Very few studies in theliterature (e.g. Yekta 1986; A..n 1994, 2002; Yavuzo.lu 2008) present tanburfretting which are simply the direct applicationsof theoretical frequency ratios. In addition,a well-known problem, fret compensation, the change in the length and tension of the string when pressed by a finger, is simply neglected.Background in computing: An automatic method for the tuning analysis of TTAM recordings was presented by Bozkurt (2008) and successfully applied in a number of studies (e.g. Bozkurt et al. 2009; Gedik and Bozkurt 2010). Tuning analysis consists of following algorithms: pitch frequency analysis, pitch histogram computation and automatic tonic detection. Although there is no computational study on the tanburfretting, the study of Bozkurt (2012) presents a system for tuning the instruments of TTAM and presents tests on kanun, a plucked box zither.Aims: Mainly wediscuss and demonstrate empiricallythe fretting problems of tanbur.Secondarily, we develop an automatic analysis method that can estimate fret locations of atanburgiven a recording. Main Contribution:In order to demonstrate the fretting problem we have compared fret measurements of the most influential figures, musicologist Rauf Yekta Bey, tanburmaker Cafer A..n and master performer Necdet Ya.ar as presented in literature with those of a tanburperformed in our research for the first time in the literature. It has been shown in this paper that the fret measurements of the tanburperformed considerably diverges from the ones presented in the literature. Secondly, given a recording of tanburour method automatically estimates the fret positions necessary for the performance of that recording for the first time in the literature. The string length and the 5 reference fret locations (1stmajor second, 1stand 2ndoctave, 1stand 2ndperfect fifth) of the tanburto be performed (which can be easily measured and tuned manually by the tanburplayer)are also used as the input to the system. The mean errorof the method is found as 0.2 cm, which is half of the thickness of frets,based on tests on 14 recordings.Implications: We think thatthe discussion and the empiricalresults about tanburfretting and the automatic estimation of fret locations of mastertanburplayers for the performance of specific pieces can clearly supply useful information for the production, performance and education of the instrument
关键词：tanbur;fretting; fret compensation; ;traditional Turkish art music; ;makam; maqam; ;comput;ational music analysis.
