标题：A foszfor szerepe a vas somogyi archeometallurgiájában – avar és Árpád-kori vaskohászatból származó somogyi salakok SEM-EDS vizsgálata = The role of phosphorus in the archaeometallurgy of iron: SEM-EDS analysis on slag samples from Avar and Árpád-age bloomery workshops of Somogy County13
摘要：Based on the archaeometrical investigations carried out on archaeological iron artefacts and iron blooms in recent years it can be stated that phosphoric-iron (P-iron, low carbon steel with 0,5-1,5 wt% P) was widely used in different parts of the world in the medieval times, however P is an avoided element in the modern industry. We have conducted several smelting experiments in the copies of the an excavated, embedded type of furnace using P-rich bog iron ores from Somogy County and P-iron with 0,5-2,5 wt% of P was regularly extracted. Nevertheless there is only very few archaeometrical evidence of producing and using P-iron in the Carpathian-basin. In this study we tried to explore the role of phosphorous in the arhaeometallurgy of iron in the Carpathian basin answering the question: was P-iron widely produced in the Carpathian-basin, especially in Somogy County. Regarding this question we have carried out SEM-EDS analysis on 12 iron slag samples originating from 5 Avar or ¨¢rp¨¢d-age bloomery workshops. P appeared in 2-5 wt% amount in these samples and a typical microstructure of the slag sample was needled tricalcium-phosphate. The slag samples also contained high amount of Ca (5-21 wt%) which situated mostly in olivine phase. Based on the results of SEM-EDS analysis of the slag samples we can state that P-rich local bog iron ores were smelted during the bloomery process but adding limestone to control the P content of the resulted iron bloom could be also supposed
