On June 5, 2009, the federal Minister of Health announced that the Government of Canada was committing $15 million for a four-year national population health study of neurological conditions (NPHSNC). Designed to improve our understanding of neurological conditions and of their impacts on Canadians, the NPHSNC is being administered by the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and co-mana-ged by Neurological Health Charities Canada (NHCC), a non-governmental organization representing 25 charities with a focus on neurology. Rather than a single study, the NPHSNC is an extensive research program comprising three national surveys and 13 pan-Canadian research projects, including some studies that look at the feasibility of ongoing surveillance of some neurological conditions and the development of a microsimulation model. Results will inform future program and policy development. The NPHSNC team is made up of more than 125 researchers at 30 academic and non-academic institutions across Canada.