期刊名称：International Journal of Advances in Soft Computing and Its Applications
印刷版ISSN：2074-8523
出版年度：2010
卷号：2
期号：2
出版社：International Center for Scientific Research and Studies
摘要：Parasites, predators and pathogens play a major role in the regulation of rice pests. Most parasites of rice pests belong to the order Hymenoptera and some few to Diptera. Egg parasites (mostly Hymenoptera) play a major role in limiting the growth of rice pests. A similar role, though to a lesser degree, is also played by larval, pupal and adult parasites. Major group of predators such as frogs, birds, and bats play a minor role [2]. Predation need not be confined to rice pests alone; beneficial species, if abundant, may also be attacked. When pray densities are low, spiders, dragonflies and damselflies become cannibalistic. Spiders have been known to eat their own offspring. The erratic feeding habits of predators make the assessment of their economic value difficult. The factors that play a role include: the capacity of the predator to feed and kill, its selectivity in this, but also to the ability to find the prey. The economic value of parasites is more easily determined, because of their more specific behavior. The pathogens that attack insects include nematodes, viruses, bacteria and protozoa [3]. Their importance such as suppressing agents of rice pests has as yet received little attention. In Peninsular Malaysia, several pathogens have recently been identified
