期刊名称：Australian Critical Race and Whiteness Studies
印刷版ISSN：1832-3898
电子版ISSN：1838-8310
出版年度：2008
卷号：4
期号：1
出版社：Australian Critical Race and Whiteness Studies Association (ACRAWSA)
摘要：We can see here that the shift from unhappy to happy diversity involves the demand for interaction. The image of happy diversity is projected into the future: when we have 'cracked the problem' through interaction, we will be happy with diversity. That football becomes a technique for generating happy diversity is no accident: football is not just a national sport, but is also proximate to the ego ideal of the nation, as being a level playing field, providing, as it were, a common ground.iiiThe fantasy of football is that it can take us 'out of our ethnicity'. So we could say that diversity becomes happy when it involves loyalty to what has already been given as a national ideal. Happiness is promised in return for loyalty to the nation, where loyalty is expressed as 'giving' diversity to the nation through playing its game. We need to place this account of unhappy diversity within a wider context. I would describe this context as 'the happiness turn' (see Ahmed 2008), which has meant a return to classical questions of what is happiness, and what makes for a good life or a life good. In the past few years, numerous books have been published on the science and economics of happiness, some of which are explicitly framed as revivals of nineteenth century English utilitarianism (Gilbert 2006; Haidt, 2006; Layard 2005). Within this new science of happiness, it is taken for granted that there is something called happiness; that happiness is good; that happiness can be known and measured; and that the task of government is to maximise happiness. These systems of measurement have been called 'hedonimeters' (Nettle 2006: 3), and are mostly based on self-reporting: what they actually measure is how happy people say they are. Happiness studies proceeds by looking for correlations between reported happiness levels and other social indicators, creating what are called 'happiness indicators'
