This paper seeks to investigate the cause-effect relationships between public enterprise management evaluation and the improvement of business performance. For this study, a research model was proposed by applying the principal-agent theory and path analysis of the structural equation model with maximum likelihood estimator was applied to data collected from 312 employees at the Incheon International Airport Corporation (IIAC). The results revealed that the influential factors suggested in the current study explained 68.03% of the business performance, which represents a high explanatory value. The influential factors, mediation variable, and moderation variable that are indicated in this study predicted the cause-effect relationships between the business performance of the airport enterprise and other variables. This study provides insights for a new possibility of observation from the perspective of an airport enterprise and public enterprise management evaluation.