摘要：The presupposition of this philological paper is that the chapter on the compounds of the Pāli language can serve to represent a specimen of the Kaccāyana grammar. The result of the philological research in this chapter can be to a certain degree extended to other chapters as well. The result of this philological research is twofold. Its first part shows that the contents of two Sanskrit grammars, the Pāṇini’s and the Śarvavarman’s, underlie the inner structure of the Kaccāyana grammar and not only Śarvavarman’s Kātantra as some Middle Indo-Aryan philologists argued. By stating that the Kaccāyana grammar was but an adaptation of the Kātantra grammar, some Indo-Aryan philologists (O. H. Pind, H. Smith and J. Charpentier) identified the sources of the first Pāli grammar incompletely. This paper shows that not only the Kātantra grammar served as a model for the Kaccāyana grammar but that also some segments of the Aṣṭādhyāyī grammar laid the foundation of the first Pāli grammar. This outcome of the research is supported by two important facts: (1) The definition of the dvigu type of compounds was directly taken over from the Aṣṭādhyāyī grammar (Aṣṭādhyāyī 2. 1. 52) and translated from Sanskrit into Pāli; (2) The origin of over one third of the suttas about compounds can be directly or indirectly traced back to the sūtras of the Aṣṭādhyāyī grammar, and, additionally, the percentage of the important segments of the Aṣṭādhyāyī grammar present in the chapter on the compounds of the Kaccāyana grammar is high. (It is around 36 %.) It is possible to show that the Kātantra grammar and the Aṣṭādhyāyī grammar are equally important grammatical ancestors of the first Pāli grammar. Its second part brings to light that in Kaccāyana’s grammar there are no religious Brahmanical elements that may be present in Sanskrit grammars. The Kaccāyanabyākaraṇa transfers the grammatical methods of description into the Pāli language preserving its Buddhist flavour and cultural context.
关键词：the Pāli grammar; the Sanskrit grammars; compounds; Kaccāyana; Pāṇini; Śarvavarman
