摘要：Elections, election models, the political behaviour of the voters. are all par excellence objects of study for political science. The author defines elections as that kind of collective decision through which citizens mutually exchange information on common and desirable values and establish priorities among different possibilities. The electoral situation is structured by the working out of rules which serve as guidance for collecting information, understanding the situation, rational acting, and evaluating consequences. The postcommunist transition societies bent towards establishing a democratic system must, in adition to the political rights of voters in competitive elections, secure other civil anu social rights which are constitutive for democracy.
