期刊名称：Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
印刷版ISSN：1232-1966
电子版ISSN：1898-2263
出版年度：2002
卷号：9
期号：2
页码：261-264
出版社：Institute of Agricultural Medicine in Lublin
摘要：To study a possibility of infection with Legionella at gardening by inhaling of water aerosolized at sprinkling of plants, samples of tap water used for sprinkling of plants grown in outdoor gardens and in greenhouses in the Lublin province (eastern Poland) were examined for the presence of Legionella, along with the samples of soil, artificial medium and air collected in modern greenhouses. The strains of Legionella were isolated from 8 out of 36 samples of water (22.2%) collected from outdoor taps used for sprinkling plants cultivated in outdoor gardens, and from 5 out of 20 samples of water (25.0%) collected from indoor taps used for sprinkling of plants cultivated in traditional greenhouses or foil tunnels. Both in the samples collected from outdoor and indoor taps Legionella pneumophila 2–14 was more common than Legionella spp. (respectively 13.9% vs. 8.3%, and 15.0% vs. 10.0%). No legionellae were found in 18 samples of tap water, 14 samples of soil, 14 samples of artificial medium or 6 samples of air collected in modern greenhouses. The results of this preliminary study suggest that water aerosolized at sprinkling of plants represents a potential source of Legionella infection among gardeners
关键词：Legionella; water; gardeners; greenhouses; sprinklers; occupational ;exposure.;INTRODUCTION ;Legionella is a fastidious Gram-negative bacterium ;developing mostly in water; less often in soil and organic ;matter [6; 24; 31]. Some species are pathogenic for ;humans and may cause respiratory disease (legionellosis; ;Legionnaires' disease); appearing as an atypical pneumonia ;or influenza-like illness (Pontiac fever); after inhalation of ;bacteria-laden droplet aerosol or dust [10; 24; 29]. People ;exposed to infectious aerosol when bathing and performing ;various occupations are liable to contract legionellosis [6; ;12; 20; 24; 31]. The increased risk of exposure to ;Legionella was reported among workers employed at ;cooling towers [14; 17]; oil drilling platforms [8; 21]; ;automotive plants [11]; plastics factories [1]; ship repair ;facilities [9]; sewage treatment plants [16]; and d ental ;facilities [2; 23]; as well as among gardeners [7; 22]; ;miners [3]; turbine operators [13]; construction workers ;[15]; subway personnel [15]; railroad conductors [15]. ;The until recently described cases of legionellosis ;among professional and amateur gardeners; some with ;fatal outcome [10; 18; 22; 26]; were mostly associated ;with exposure to potting soil and its components (sawdust; ;composted leaves) contaminated with Legionella longbeachae ;[7; 10; 19; 25; 27; 28]. The role of water aerosolized at ;sprinkling of plants as a potential source of infection is ;less well known. To explore this possibility; a preliminary ;study was made in which samples of tap water used for ;sprinkling of plants grown in outdoor gardens and in ;greenhouses were examined for the presence of ;Legionella; along with the samples of soil; artificial ;medium and air collected in modern greenhouses. ; var currentpos;timer; function initialize() { timer=setInterval("scrollwindow()";10);} function sc(){clearInterval(timer); }function scrollwindow() { currentpos=document.body.scrollTop; window.scroll(0;++currentpos); if (currentpos != document.body.scrollTop) sc();} document.onmousedown=scdocument.ondblclick=initialize262 ;Stojek NM; Dutkiewicz J ;MATERIALS AND METHODS ;Samples. Altogether; 108 samples were collected from ;gardening farms located on the territory of 8 villages (1-8) ;in Lublin province (eastern Poland) and examined for the ;presence of Legionella (Tab. 1). The samples comprised: ;. ;36 samples of water collected from outdoor taps located ;on 36 farms; providing water for sprinklers used for ;watering plants in outdoor gardens (villages 1-7); ;. ;20 samples of water collected from indoor taps located ;in 20 small; traditional greenhouses or foil tunnels (in ;which plants were grown an potting soil); providing ;water for sprinklers used for watering plants in these ;greenhouses (villages 1-5); ;. ;18 samples of water collected from 2 0 indoor taps ;located in 2 large; modern greenhouses (in which plants ;were grown on soil or artificial medium); providing ;water for sprinklers used for watering plants grown on ;soil; or for other purposes;(villages 7; 8); ;. ;14 samples of soil collected in a modern greenhouse ;(village 8); ;. ;14 samples of artificial medium collected in a modern ;greenhouse (village 8); ;. ;6 samples of air collected in a modern greenhou se ;(village 8). ;Processing o f samples. Water samples of 300 ml ;volume were filtered through cellulose;filters (pores 0 .45 ;μ;m; Millipore; USA). Filters were washed for 10;min in ;acid;bu ffer (pH 2.2); then rinsed in Ringer solution ;(Merck; Germany) and placed on isolation agar medium. ;Samples of potting soil were suspended in Ringer ;solution with glass beads (proportion 10 g/50;ml); manually;shaken for 10 min; and centrifuged for 20 min at 5;000 ;rpm.;Supernatant (2 ml portions) was heated at 50oC for ;30 min and spread on the surface o f the isolation agar ;medium in inoculation doses of 0.5 ml per plate. Artificial ;medium samples were processed in the same manner ;except that they were crushed with sterile tweezers;during ;collection. ;The air samples were taken on glass fiber filters (Type ;A/E; Gelman Sciences Inc.; USA) with the personal sampler ;Table 1. Occurrence of Legionella in environmental samples collected on gardening farms in Lublin province. ;Source of Samples ;Locality Legionella pneumophila 2-14 ;Positive/examined ;(Percent) ;Legionella spp. ;Positive/examined ;(Percent) ;Total Legionella ;Positive/examined ;(Percent) ;1 ;0/4 ;0/4 ;0/4 ;2 ;2/9 ;1/9 ;3/9 ;3 ;2/12 ;2/12 ;4/12 ;4 ;0/3 ;0/3 ;0/3 ;5 ;1/4 ;0/4 ;1/4 ;6 ;0/2 ;0/2 ;0/2 ;Water: outdoor taps ;7 ;0/2 ;0/2 ;0/2 ;Total ;5/36 (13.9%) ;3/36 (8.3%) ;8/36 (22.2%) ;1 ;2/2 ;0/2 ;2/2 ;2 ;1/3 ;1/3 ;2/3 ;3 ;0/6 ;1/6 ;1/6 ;4 ;0/1 ;0/1 ;0/1 ;Water: taps in traditional ;greenhouses ;5 ;0/8 ;0/8 ;0/8 ;Total ;3/20 (15.0%) ;2/20 (10.0%) ;5/20 (25.0%) ;7 ;0/6 ;0/6 ;0/6 ;Water: taps in modern ;greenhouses ;8 ;0/12 ;0/12 ;0/12 ;Total ;0/18 (0) ;0/18 (0) ;0/18 (0) ;Soil: modern greenhouse 8 ;0/14 (0) ;0/14 (0) ;0/14 (0) ;Total ;0/14 (0) ;0/14 (0) ;0/14 (0) ;Artificial medium: modern ;greenhouse ;8 ;0/14 (0) ;0/14 (0) ;0/14 (0) ;Total ;0/14 (0) ;0/14 (0) ;0/14 (0) ;Air: modern greenhouse 8 ;0/6 (0) ;0/6 (0) ;0/6 (0) ;Total ;0/6 (0) ;0/6 (0) ;0/6 (0)
