出版社：National Centre for Maps and Cartographic Heritage
摘要：The coastal plain of Grosseto (Tuscany, Italy) was largely occupied by marshes and uncultivated land up to the middle of the eighteenth century. The presence of the large landed estates and malaria meant that it was almost unpopulated, with the exception of the small city of Grosseto, a few military towers along the coast and several farms devoted to cereal-growing and sheep-farming. In the 1760s the drainage operations were begun by the government of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, which also approved other operations of a territorial (above all roads) and economic nature, up to the unification of Italy (1859-1861). State commitment then waned considerably up to the time of the Fascist government (1922-1943) which energetically resumed works for the transformation of the territory. Finally, through the complete reclamation carried out under the Fascist regime, combined with the agrarian reform of 1950, the Grosseto plain acquired the distinctive features that now characterise it, with a dense fabric of farms laid out along the regular network of roads and canals, and the tourist resorts dotted all along the coast from Castiglione della Pescaia to the Ombrone river. The georeferencing of a pondered selection of the administrative cartography of State production, of almost geometric and strictly geometric quality, which was built up starting from around the middle of the 18th century (authors: Ximenes 1758-1759, Manetti 1828-1849, Giorgini 1863 and the Istituto Geografico Militare 1883, 1927-1929, 1939-1943 and 1953), enables us to identify, date and index the most significant historic landscape categories of the Grosseto plain, both inland and costal: those prior to the mid 18th century and those created during this phase as a result of the processes of drainage, agricultural colonisation and territorial transformation. These include: human settlements (agricultural, residential, productive – industrial and commercial – and military), roads, bridges, canals and hydraulic artefacts (pump houses, water pumps, dams for the collection of river water), forestry plantations (pinewoods, rows of trees and copses acting as windbreaks) and those of an agricultural nature, always with the related toponymics.
